Dialogue in Education free essay sample

In nearly every debate the ultimate motive is to prove that one side is right and the other is inherently wrong, rarely leaving any room for middle ground. Sadly, because of debate’s prevalence throughout society, American culture and education has been deduced to lecturing and mere dualistic contention. From news shows to elementary classrooms, logic and reason serve as the gateway to discovering truths, according to western education. But what exactly are the consequences of a debate-centered education system, and can America make changes in order to diminish any negative consequences? For one, it is evident that in comparison to Asian nations, American education is lacking. When it comes to academic achievement, according to the International Business Times, the US is ranked 17th in the world (Gayathri). Additionally, research has shown that Americans do not appreciate education like many Asian nationals who value knowledge as, â€Å"integral to what it means to be a person, and that socialization, education knowledge and morality are inseparable† (Alexander 11). In order to address these two issues and better America’s education system, one solution does not exist. A hybrid of solutions must be explored. The two articles The Roots of Debate in Education and the Hope of Dialogue and The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime, written by Deborah Tannen and Malcolm Gladwell, respectively, offer two theories that could revolutionize western education. By considering, and possibly implementing, the authors’ theories regarding the importance of dialogue and the influential power of our environment, America would permanently improve its education system. In her article, Deborah Tannen mentions an important consequence of the debate pedagogy dominating western school systems: â€Å"The tendency to value formal, objective knowledge over relational, intuitive knowledge,† she claims, â€Å"grows out of our notion of education as training for debate† (405). The Georgetown professor addresses the agonistic, debate focused educational system by referring to it as warlike, â€Å"deeply rooted in Western tradition, going back to the ancient Greeks† (Tannen 402) American education has always been centered on discovering abstract truth through the debate of two ideas. Tannen explains how seeking to prove others wrong, as opposed to discovering new ideas or solutions, has become an end in itself (413). For example, western education teaches that academic essays are, for the most part, only supposed to be written in direct opposition to another essay. If an author fails to objectively choose a side, then their opinion is often considered unnecessary. But how can we expect students to think creatively and discover new solutions when they are only told to tear down and refute already presented ideas? Tannen considers this very question. Despite the millennium long roots in western society, she believes America is capable of altering its education system to a more dialogue based method of teaching, and explains the benefits of doing so. Early in her article, Tannen asks readers to compare the contention filled western education model with that of the dialogue dominated Chinese culture. As stated earlier, many Asian nations, including China, have far surpassed the US in academic achievement, and Tannen believes the inherent presence of dialogue throughout their culture may be the reason why. She explains how educating children by using a dialogic approach fosters an increased access to knowledge because â€Å"the aim [is] to ‘enlighten an inquirer,’ no to ‘overwhelm the opponent’† (403). Whereas, in western culture and education, critical response is limited to critique; therefore, students are, â€Å"not doing the other kinds of critical thinking that could be helpful; looking for new insights, new perspectives, new ways of thinking, new knowledge†- all processes made possible through dialogue (414). Consider Asian talk shows, for example. As opposed to American shows such as the O’Reilly Factor, Chinese talk shows portray how approaching a situation from many perspectives instead of simply two opposing viewpoints can be very beneficial (Tannen 422). Not only does adding multiple perspectives expand the possibility of discovering solutions, but it diffuses arguments into discussions instead of escalating them into tension-filled disagreements, as debate often does. Western society allows debate to dominate over any type of dialogue, thus snuffing out the possibility of exploring already proposed ideas. If a dialogue mentality was adopted into western education, however, people would no longer instinctively view solutions and truths from within the constraints of a limited, directly opposing argument. Rather, many people would search for other solutions instead of remaining intent on proving an idea right or wrong. With problems becoming more complex annually, and the US becoming more globalised, solutions to problems are no longer linear and as clear cut as before. Multiple perspectives and opinions must be considered, and without dialogue in the classroom, we are only preparing students to carry a one-dimensional mindset in a world that requires multifaceted solutions. Nevertheless, many authors believe that dialogue in the classroom does more than prepare students to solve the most complex problems. They argue that dialogue lays the entire foundations of a â€Å"good society†. For example, in his essay Education as Dialogue, Professor Robin Alexander from the University of Cambridge concurs with, and expounds upon, the benefits of dialogue that Tannen mentions. Dialogue, unknown to most, is more than conversation. â€Å"Dialogue requires willingness and skill to engage with minds, ideas and ways of thinking other than our own; it involves the ability to question, listen, reflect, reason, explain, speculate, and explore ideas†¦dialogue within the classroom lays the foundations of social cohesion, active citizenship and the good society† (Alexander 2). Clearly, Alexander believes dialogue in the classroom determines a student’s behavior and the behavior of society as a whole. What may seem extremely trivial, such as how a question is posed in the classroom, can affect the fate of society and â€Å"our private lives,† according to Alexander and Tannen (Tannen 426). Alexander believes dialogue is imperative during the primary education years due to the human brain’s expanded learning power throughout that time period. According to his research: Neuroscience shows us that between birth and adolescence, brain metabolism is 150 per cent of its adult level, and synaptogenesis, or the growth of brain connections, causes the brain’s volume to quadruple. In this process language plays a vital part†¦The period from birth †¦to adolescence [is] critical for all subsequent development, for during this phase of life the brain restructures itself†¦Language, and especially talk, help drive that process (Alexander 6). With dialogue having such a monumental effect on society’s structure and people’s ability to discover truth, it is crucial the US education system begin utilizing a pedagogy focused on dialogue as early as elementary school. It is important to note, however, that Alexander does not believe debate or recitation pedagogies should be thrown out, but rather included alongside dialogue for the most effective teaching to occur (7). Alexander’s notion that the educational environment plays a pivotal role in student behavior leads to Gladwell’s discussion of behavior and the Power of Context Theory. Gladwell attributes human behavior to what he believes is quite a radical idea. In his article, he searches to discover what causes behaviors to â€Å"stick† or become pervasive, and at what point a government or organization becomes able to make a societal change. The article covers New York City’s drop in crime rates during the 1990s, attributing the decline to the Broken Window Theory by claiming that people’s behavior is heavily influenced by their environment. Thus, small things, such as graffiti or dilapidated buildings, will inevitably lead to increased crime. His Power of Context Theory is quite similar, claiming that the immediate context of one’s environment is most important in guiding one’s actions (Gladwell 164). Essentially, â€Å"behavior is a function of social context†, and, â€Å"it isn’t just serious criminal behavior that is sensitive to environmental cues, it is all behavior† (Gladwell 159,165). With this reasoning, it becomes simple to see how the Power of Context can be applied to the realm of education. For the first twenty-two years of most students’ lives, their most influential environment is school. Just as Gladwell explains people’s behavior is influenced by the appearance of buildings and side-walks, a student’s behavior is defined by the environment set by a school’s physical appearance. Naturally, the debate of whether determinism or constructivism is the main cause for one’s behavior arises. It seems to reason, according to Tannen, Alexander and Gladwell that determinism wins and whether people like it or not, they are molded by their environment. As a result, in order to maximize student learning, school systems must make every effort to improve classroom environment as much as they are able. While clean buildings ensure students are not distracted from learning, dialogue serves as the â€Å"Stickiness Factor† of an environment according to Gladwell (164). This is what Tannen is referring to when she talks of relational knowledge in the quote mentioned earlier. It is the ‘x-factor’ of personal connection that engages a student and brings them fully into dialogue. Tannen gives the example of an elementary student who brought a rock to class for show-and-tell. He spoke of the rock’s personal meaning to him, quickly tying contextual and emotional strings to the object. The teacher redirected the student and began to ask questions relating to facts about the lava instead of the relation between him and the lava. â€Å"The example†, says Tannen, â€Å"shows  the focus of education on formal rather than relational knowledge – information about the rock that has meaning out of context, rather than information tied to the context† (405). According to Gladwell, keeping things in context is all-important, and that is exactly what dialogue does. Bringing American education back to the top â€Å"can be done through the influence of special kinds of people, people of extraordinary personal connection†¦it can be done by changing the content of communication [dialogue], by making a message so memorable that it sticks in someone’s mind† (Gladwell 164). By building rapport. Applying the Power of Context to education may seem as a bit of a stretch, â€Å"but in reality it is no more than an obvious and commonsensical extension of the Power of Context, because it says simply that children are powerfully shaped by their external environment† (Gladwell 165). A mixture of the approaches mentioned above could very well serve as Gladwell’s â€Å"Tipping Point† to move the US back into contention as a world leader in education. A core argument against implementing dialogue into western education is the effectiveness of doing so. Unlike Asian nations where collectivity is already stressed in their culture, American culture focuses on competition and individualism, and therefore lacks natural collectivity in the classroom and society. Alexander notes, â€Å"In a British and American context, shifting towards a more collective and less individualistic learning culture may demand considerably more than it does in Asian classrooms, where the collective principle is more firmly established† (9). Nevertheless, despite Asian schools being able to easily introduce collectivity through dialogue, they have failed to implement reciprocity into education. Alexander believes, â€Å"Interaction which is collective without being reciprocal remains monologic and therefore suitable only for transmission teaching† (9). What he means by reciprocal is the willingness of the student and teacher to ask and answer questions. With reciprocity, the two listen to each other and give consideration to each other’s comments, â€Å"questions are framed on the assumption that there are alternative answers, some of them unanticipated†¦ideas are exchanged and it is accepted that students know things which teachers do not† (Alexander 5). Implementing reciprocity is a matter of choosing to alter the immediate environment, as Gladwell would state, and does not require a societal connection in order to be implemented with ease. Others would also argue that the US has already implemented dialogue into the classroom with the popular adoption of the Socratic Method. However, according to philosopher Janice Moulton, Americans have misinterpreted the Socratic Method as a process of asking questions to lead someone into admitting error (Tannen 414). The true Socratic Method was to discover new insight by â€Å"asking questions rather than merely accepting what one is told† (Alexander 9). Essentially, the true adoption of the Socratic Method would utilize reciprocal discussion to discover a solution neither side initially proposed. Reciprocity is a pillar of dialogue that Asia lacks and America is capable of implementing. In fact, due to the stress on respecting authority, many Asian nations would be extremely wary of reciprocity in its schools. America could easily use reciprocity in education to maximize the results of dialogue and improve its educational standings in comparison with Asia. Each of the theories presented serve as a possible solution to improve American education, and collectively have the potential of revolutionizing society. This may seem to be a drastic statement, but according to Alexander, dialogue, â€Å"may be one of the keys to our survival as a species† (10). While the reasoning for much of this may seem theoretical, authors Brian Ripley and Randy Clemens outline how community dialogue in Lynchburg, VA and Syracuse, NY have already significantly built trust and tolerance amongst residents (Everyday Democracy).

The Economic Problem faced by Iraq Essay Example For Students

The Economic Problem faced by Iraq Essay Yr 12 Economics Essay1) Outline the economic problem faced by IraqThe economic problem of Iraq is how to use what little resources they have to satisfy the countries unlimited wants. Iraq is only just starting to recover from the brutal regime of Saddam Hussein and with the Americans trying to help rebuild the process is coming along steadily. The country is very oil rich but because of previous wars many of the oil refineries are badly damaged or destroyed, this means that they have very little to export. There was a time when the country was farmed but again under the regime of Saddam Hussein to much emphasis was put on oil production on no money was put into the agricultural sector, thus the industry went broke. This had led to a decrease in exports from agriculture but it has also meant that Iraq has had to import food that it would normally produce in its own backyard. This may not seem a bit issue but over a decade it will end up costing the country millions. The economic probl em within Iraq is the same for all countries, how to use their limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. In their case though they have to rebuild the whole country with their resources and try and get the country to achieve a surplus budget. We will write a custom essay on The Economic Problem faced by Iraq specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2) Explain what type of economic system would best suit Iraq and how Iraq would decide the What, How and For Whom decisions faced by all societies. Iraq needs a new economic system after the U.S.A overthrew the Saddam Hussein dictatorship. It is obvious that they will need a mixed economy as is outlined below. This will help them to eventually get back on their own two feet, without relying on other countries for foreign debt. A traditional economic system is one in which individuals produce goods and services for the peoples own use and not for exchange. Customs and age old traditions play an important role in the way people cater for their needs. Iraq would need some sort of traditional economy to produce agricultural goods which once upon a time made up a significant part of the Iraq exports along with oil. In a market economy decisions are made according to the market forces rather than tradition. Households and firms made spending decisions according to their own private wants. The What to Produce is decided by the interaction in the market place of consumers, business and government. With the power of What to Produce belonging to the people it gives them greater flexibility in what is created. Consumers make most What? decisions through casting dollar votes in the market. How to Produce is mainly decided by the managers of businesses who choose a combination of resources which is most efficient and cost effective. They produce at the lowest cost so as to receive the greatest profit. For Whom to Produce is determined by peoples ability to pay. Those with the highest incomes receive the greatest access to what is produced. A Market economy would help Iraq because the people get to choose what is produced by casting dollar votes. It will also give them the ability to change products if necessary. The market price would be determined by supply and demand rather than on what the government say. Also most resources are privately owned and therefore the profits belong to the people and will not go the government. This will benefit the rest of the community because the money will stay within the community when it is spent and provide others with an income. .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .postImageUrl , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:visited , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:active { border:0!important; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:active , .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765 .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc5f2dfd3e3bd85ff3104ab540c0a765:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DBQ: Reforming Movements affect on the Democracy o EssayA planned economy is one where the basic economic decisions are made by government on behalf of the people and resources are owned in common, by the people and allocated by the government. The most important belief in the ideology of a command economy is that everyone should have equal access to the economys production of goods and services. This means that every citizen should receive the same wage. Decisions about What to Produce are made by a central bureau that sets plans for the production pf capital and consumer goods. Individuals have little influence over what is produced. Decisions about How to Produce are al so made by a central bureau. Productive resources are socially owned and controlled by the state. Methods of production are determined on the basis of what is socially desirable. The central bureau will choose the method that is best for the people and not necessarily the cheapest to produce. This might mean instead of using machinery to make a dam they will use human labour. This will benefit the community because a lot more people are employed, and more money is in the community. This would help Iraq because the people are going to be able to find jobs easily, and money will be available to anyone who is willing to work, this way more people will have a decent quality of life. For Whom to Produce decisions are based on the social good of the community. There is greater equality of income distribution. The State determines incomes and prices. Allocation of resources is largely dictated by a central authority. This system provides few material incentives. Moral and social incentives play a larger role, such as worker of the month awards. This type of economy would be a great advantage to Iraq because the people would have all their needs in terms of food and clothing met by a central bureau. This would create an equal society with only a small gap between the rich and poor. The best sort of economy for the country of Iraq would be a mixed economy. Utilizing the most effective parts of all the different kind of economies Iraq would have a very sound system operating in their country. Mixed Economy of IraqSHAPE * MERGEFORMAT PlannedMarketTraditionalThis would be the place to operate for the people of Iraq. Here they have the freedom to produce a lot of items that they want, with little interference with the government. On the other hand the government has enough power to keep a firm eye on what is happening and also produce what it believes to be in the best interest of Iraq. Finally there is the traditional, which does not make up a very large part of the economy but is very important none-the-less. This will be used to sustain the country and give it something to build on in the future. As you can see you from the diagram above, a mixed economy if the only option for Iraq is they want to successfully rebuild their country.

Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls

Introduction Eating disorder among adolescent girls is a health issue that has become very common in the United States over the last decades. According to Golden et al (2003), this disorder arises when adolescents deliberately eat an amount of food that is below the standard levels based on the requirements of the body.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Field et al. state, â€Å"although the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, the desire to be thin or to have well-defined or toned muscles is still very widespread† (2003, p. 900). For a human body to function properly there is a specific amount of food intake that should be observed on a daily basis. This will help in the normal running of bodily organs. When this amount is not met, the body will be forced to work with lesser amount of energy. This leads to malno urishment among those who are suffering from this complication. The most common sign among people with this disorder is a thin body. This condition may occur when an individual lacks enough food to make them healthy. However, it is a worrying trend that girls at their adolescent consider being thin as a sign of beauty. For this reason, they starve themselves in the name of fighting excessive fat. They deliberately avoid taking some means, and when they have to eat, and then their diet is always lean, with lots of water. The problem is so contagious that majority of the American adolescent girls currently suffer from this health complication. These adolescents want to be noticed. Peer pressure and the press have convinced them that the only way through which they can be noticed is when they have a thin body (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Slim has been considered as a sign of beauty, and adolescent girls are willing to go an extra mile with their diet in order to achieve th is. The result has been massive malnutrition that brings other health complications. Discussion from the Interview In order to get more insight into the causes, effect, the prevalence and solution to eating disorders among the adolescent girls in this country, the researcher interviewed Paul Marcus who is a psychologist who works in private practice with adolescents, especially girls with eating disorders. According to this psychologist, eating disorder starts among the adolescent aged between 12-14 years.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, their condition escalates when they reach between the ages of 15-20. It is at this stage that these girls seek much attention and are very concerned of their appearance. Some of the risk factors that would make girls of this age develop this disorder include dysfunctional family dynamics, being in a culture where being thin is highly valued, peer and media pressure on the beauty of being thin. Girls of this age are always under pressure and anxiety to look presentable in order to gain acceptance among peers. They let their anxiety control them. Unstable families where parents are not in control of the behavior of their teenage children are always more likely to have children suffering from eating disorders than those with stability where parents are in control of the welfare of their children. Children exposed to abuse at home, either physically or psychologically are also more likely to develop this disorder. This is because they will always be looking for comfort outside their homes, and this can only be achieved when they look presentable. According to this psychologist, it is possible to detect early signs of eating disorders before the negative impact is manifested on the victim. Some of the most common signs include avoidance of meals either at school or at home, visiting the washroom immediately after me als, a lot of time dedicated to looking self on the mirror, obsession with nutrition, vomiting without just cause, anemia, and over-exercising. The above are some of the symptoms that an individual is taking the ideas of being thin very seriously. This psychologist also states that eating disorders are always combined with other psychological disorders. Because this is a type of anxiety disorder, it is always accompanied with other psychological disorders such as GAD, OCD, depression or even substance abuse. Depending on the level of anxiety and dissatisfaction with the current body weight, an individual can develop a series of other psychological disorders as she tries to push herself beyond limits in order to reduce weight to levels she considers acceptable among her peers. Marcus says that there are a number of effects of eating disorder. One such effect is weight loss. Patients suffering from eating disorder always lose weight at terrific rates, especially when they push themsel ves very hard on the need to lose weight.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are some medical consequences that are related to this weight loss such as ulcers, infections in the throat, stomach and intestines, heart complication due to lack of enough energy, mood disorders among others. The family will also be affected as such an individual will tend to be an introvert, especially when the weight loss is not coming at the anticipated rate. Some girls are also vulnerable to stomach infections and infertility. Paul Marcus says that in order to treat this disorder, it is important to start by appreciating that this is a psychological disorder and can only be treated from the psychological perspective. One of the most common ways of treating this disorder is through cognitive behavioral therapy. This will involve making them appreciate their body the way they are and dispelling the idea that only thinness is a sign of beauty. This therapy will also dispel the perfectionist notion that these adolescents always develop. Another approach will be family therapy. In this case, the family will be involved in making the victim recover from this condition. The family will be demanded to show love and care to the victim, and make her feel valued by the family members irrespective of her weight. The family members will also monitor the diet of the victim closely to ensure that she takes enough food every day. Marcus says that there are a number of ways of determining if an individual has met the DSM IV criteria for bulimia or anorexia nervosa. Blatant refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimally acceptable weight for age and height is one such indication. Intense fear of any slight body gain and being at peace with a skinny body is another indication. Others are in constant denial that their weight is below the mi nimally accepted level, while others engage in inappropriate compensatory measures whenever they feel that they had taken excess meals at one time. Fasting and excessive exercise, misuse of laxatives and diuretics is another indication. Marcus admits that treating eating disorder patients is an extremely challenging. This is because they are not easily convinced that weight loss can be dangerous to their health. Because this is a psychological problem, if the patients fail to internalize the importance of having a normal body weight, they cannot accept the treatment offered.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They also need close family supervision. This psychologist summarizes by saying that adolescent girls at puberty who are concerned with the emerging cultures in this society should be observed very closely to ensure that they do not get this disorder in the name of looking for beauty. Supportive Literature The issue of eating disorder among the adolescent girls in this country has raised a lot of questions among the policy makers, parents and other stakeholders. According to Killen et al (2006), eating disorders among the adolescent girls has been on the rise. When they reach puberty, girls realize that they should look beautiful and presentable among their peers. At this stage, they do not have to struggle looking for the information of what makes a lady beautiful and presentable. This message is all over in the media, among the peers and the articles they read. They realize that the solution is to reduce their body weight. According to Graham (2010), the problem starts when they r ealize that the weight loss is not coming at the desired rate. This makes them push themselves beyond their limits. This scholar says that the message that teenagers get from their peers and from the media has massive influence on their behavior. For instance, it is common to find a situation where those who are considered as overweight being rebuked by their peers. In such instances, the victim or a witness of these abuses will try to avoid such scenario. To achieve this, they try to regulate their eating habits in order to gain the weight that their peers would consider admirable. The media also plays a massive role in influencing adolescent girls to regulate their eating habits. According to Fritz (2008), media has successfully convinced the adolescent girls that beauty can only be achieved when one is beautiful. The models are women who are skinny, and this makes young girls admire being thin. The process of weight loss always starts by avoiding some kind of foods which are cons idered to contain excessive fat. This is a good move towards healthy eating. However, this gets worse when these youngsters get pressure of increased weight loss within the shortest time possible. They lower their food intake to the levels where the body gets malnourished. What is worrying is that when they become malnourished, they consider themselves slim enough to earn acceptance and admiration among peers. It is at this stage that one would be considered to be suffering from eating disorder. As Golden et al (2003) observe, this disorder may have serious negative impact on an individual. For this reason, it is important for all the stakeholders to advise the adolescent girls on the dangers of this eating disorder. They should be made to appreciate their condition. Conclusion The discussion above has clearly demonstrated that eating disorder in adolescent girls is an issue that is on the rise within this country. The gravity of this issue shows that no adolescent girl is safe from this disorder as long as they are exposed to the wrong impression from media and their peers that beauty can only be achieved when one is slim. Parents must be responsible for their families and convince their adolescent girls that they are beautiful the way they are. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed.). New York, NY: American Psychiatric Association. Field, A.E., Austin, S. B., Taylor, C. B., Malspeis, S, Rosner, B., Rockett, H.R., Gillman, M.W., Colditz, G.A. (2003). Relation Between Dieting and Weight Change Among Preadolescents and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 112(4), 900 – 906. DOI: 10.1542/peds.112.4.900. Fritz, R. (2008). The power of a positive attitude: Discovering the key to success. New York: AMACOM. Golden, N., Katzman, D.K., Kreipe, R.E., Stevens, S.L., Sawyer, S.M., Rees, J., Nicholls, D., Rome, E.S Society For Adolescent Medicine. (2003). Eating disorders in Adolescents: Position Pa per of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(1), 496-503. Graham, J. (2010). Critical thinking in consumer behavior: Cases and experiential exercises. Prentice Hall: Pearson. Killen, D., Hayward, T.C., Wilson, D. M., Haydel, K.F., Hammer, L.D., Simmonds, B., Robinson, T. N., Litt, I. Varady, A. Kraemer, H. (2006). Pursuit of thinness and onset of symptoms in a community sample of adolescent girls: A three year prospective analysis. International journal of eating disorders, 16(3), 227-238. This research paper on Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls was written and submitted by user Braelynn Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History and Impact of African-American Slave Songs essays

History and Impact of African-American Slave Songs essays Swing Low, Sweet Chariot; Jimmy Crack Corn; Frankie and Johnny; String of Pearls; Blue Moon; Jingle Bell Rock; and Dirty Pop: none of these songs would be here today without influence from African-American culture. Some people have a hard time listening to black music, meaning Jazz, Blues, Rap, and Hip-Hop but using the same logistics, you would have to put Rock, Pop, many church hymns, and much of choral literature in the same category. For the most part people do not understand the origins of the many types of music we hear around us every day. Unless your high school music teacher found this type of appreciation necessary, or you happened to take some music courses in college, chances are youre a part of the most people. To understand and fully appreciate the music you enjoy today, you must first understand that while African-American slave songs were a prominent part of pre-Civil War culture, they have also had great influence on modern culture. In order to further understand African-American music, you must first know a certain amount of information about African music and culture. Music was and is a very important part of African culture. Much of African music was used as a way to document history. Because they did not have a written language, history was told through stories and in traditional folk songs. Music was also used in celebration of anything you can possibly think of. There were traditional songs to celebrate weddings, births, and even the loss of a baby tooth. In response to his own findings, Ralph Ellison wrote [I]t was the Africans origin in cultures in which art was highly functional which gave him an edge in shaping the music and dance of this nation. (Collier 1) African speech added to the use of music. Much like changing the tone of your voice can add a new meaning to a sentence, changing the pitch or quality of your voice changes the meaning of most Af...

Family Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family Communication - Assignment Example Second level is connected which means that the family members are experiencing some closeness with sense of belonging and loyalty. Thirdly, cohesion is a type of relationship which involves family members are striving for emotional closeness, loyalty, and togetherness with the emphasis on some individuality. Enmeshed is the last level of family communication which means that the family members are very close, loyal, and dependent and there is almost no individuality (Kathleen M. Galvin, 2012). My mom and dad have been having a good relationship between themselves and also with the other relatives. One day Mr. James my brothers teacher came home and reported that my brother Vin was not attending classes and had was always late in school. My mother disclosed all this information to father meaning that she possessed good self-disclosure characteristics. In addition to this, my mother spoke to my brother regarding the problem while we were taking supper. She explained to my brother that education was important and it defined ones future. This shows that my mother has good listening skills. To prove that my brother was a good a good listener, he looked directly at my mom. He responded to my mother’s instructions by nodding his head which is a positive feedback for someone with good listening skills. Since this day my brother has never missed

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example The paper throws light on cyberspace, a mine field for seekers of information. With every interaction with websites, there would be an increasing demand for personal information. Such have been used by malicious persons for their own gains. Air travel has been hard hit by cyber crime and cyber-security in airports has been a challenge with each passing day. The internet has been used for various purposes which include gathering, storage, processing and transfer of vast data amounts, which include sensitive and proprietary personal, transactional and business data. Organizations have heavily depended on computer systems for day-to-day businesses. Even as this capability has been relied more and more by various individuals and organizations, the internet has been plagued by threats of cyber-security. The information available in the internet has been used to create threats to operations of businesses and individuals. These threats evolve with the expansion of the internet and the risks that come with it continue to grow globally. The United States of America remain to be the hardest hit by cybercrime according to the report on internet crime by Bureau of Justice Assistance. There is a wide range of cyber attacks. Insider threats form the core perpetrators in computer crimes. According to Vatis, â€Å"insiders do not need a great deal of knowledge about computer intrusions† as they posses adequate knowledge on the systems which they attack which allows them to have unrestricted access â€Å"to damage the system or to steal system data†. ... ge about computer intrusions† as they posses adequate knowledge on the systems which they attack which allows them to have unrestricted access â€Å"to damage the system or to steal system data† (2002, p.3). Criminal groups have also increasingly used cyber intrusions for monetary gains. Vatis gives an example of such a group referred to as ‘Phonemasters’ who were indicted for stealing and accessing federal interest computer and being in possession of access devices for which they were unauthorized. Virus writers also pose a great threat to security in IT. Viruses propagate quickly because of the high speed networks currently available. Anti-virus software available and being careful with attachments would go a long way in curtailing such epidemics. Other cyber attacks emanate from terrorists, hackers and information warfare. Vatis defines cyber attacks as â€Å"computer-to-computer attacks carried out to steal, erase, or alter information or to destroy or impede the functionality of the target computer system† (2002, p.10). These could be categorized into three, namely; unauthorized intrusions where the attacker uses hacking techniques to break into a computer or unauthorized access by an insider to accomplish unauthorized tasks in the network; destructive worms or viruses spread through computers using forms of data exchange such as emails causing some parts of the network to lose functionality; and denial of service attacks where a computer would be overloaded with communication thus hampering its functionality. Due to the ever increasing critical business partners connected to customers and partners on the internet, many organizations have been left exposed to cyber attacks. There is no guarantee that malicious acts or intrusions would not happen. But aviation

Temporary files Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Temporary files - Research Paper Example Thus, erasing these files from the system is able to create tons of problems to our PC. In this scenario, the diversity is fact about the temporary files which are utilized to keep data which is presently utilized by plenty of programs, otherwise information to be exchanged by programs or by the OS platform. Additionally, the moment a computer program is working with data; it can create various temporary files. In this scenario application has the potential to make use of these temporary files while execution, as well as once the execution of a particular application is stopped; it must remove its temporary files subsequently. In addition, the increasing volume of temporary files inside our computer system gets room from our computer hard disk and consequently decelerates our system performance and capabilities. Since our computer hard drive has plenty of temporary files, every file is divided over a single portion. This division will surely enable our hard disk inconsistent/fragment ed; as a result of that computer hard drive will take extra time to find out the location of the files before reading a particular portion of hard disk. Therefore, this will certainly reduce the speed of our computer (FixMyComputerErrors, 2011; Beal, 2010).